Donation coordination funds are organizations which allocate donations. They accept donations from the public and then donate money to specific charities according to quantitative measures of effectiveness. Donation coordination funds include GiveWell and Open Philanthropy.

The global total fertility rate has more than halved over the past 70 years, from around five children for each female in 1950 to 2.2 children in 2021. Canada's rate has been generally declining for over 15 years and reached a new low in 2023 of 1.26 children per woman.

Codified scriptures are official sacred religious texts that serve as the primary source of authority for adherents in matters of religious belief, practice, and ethics. Examples of religions which are based on codified scriptures include Christianity with the Bible, Judaism with the Torah, and Islam with the Quran.

In centralised urban planning system, decisions (e.g. about building appearance regulations, permits for new developments, construction of public spaces, etc.) are made on the municipal / city level. In contrast, a decentralised urban planning system strives to outsource these decisions to the local neighbourhood level.